For the benefit of those who could not copy finish/did not (bother to) listen, the following are all the answers pertaining to the Geography lesson today. Please copy down the answers onto your worksheet as Mrs Viswa would be checking the Geography homework on Wednesday. If you copy down all these answers, she will add 10 bonus marks to your FAST on wednesday. If you don't, she will minus 10marks from those who did not copy and she will also be calling your parents. These questions may also be appearing on our Geography FAST3 this wednesday.

Chapter11: Weather and Climate

Summary of the previous lesson:

Weather is the atmospheric conditions prevailing in a small area for a short period of time. Weather provides information about direction and force of the wind, precipitation, sunshine, visibility and cloud.

Climate is the weather patterns of places over long periods of time, such as thirty years or more. Climate is influenced by distance from the equator, local topography(e.g.mountains) or natural features.

The two elements that affect weather are temperature and rainfall.

Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness in the air and temperature is measured using a thermometer.

Rainfall is measured using a rain gauge and it refers to the amount of rain received in an area over a short period of time.

(A) MEASURING TEMPERATURE

1. Predict the temperature of the day shown in the picture? [1m]
40(insert the degrees celsius symbol)

2. What instrument is used to measure temperature? [1m]

Thermometer.

3. Describe the instrument used to measure the temperature? [2m]

It is made up of a glass tube containing a liquid, which is either alcohol or mercury.

4. Describe how to thermometer works. [4m]

When the temperature rises, the liquid in the thermometer expands and rises in the glass tube. When temperature falls, the liquid contracts and falls. A scale on the thermometer records the movement in liquid and gives a measurement of the temperature. The scale is in degrees celsius(insert the degrees celsius symbol here in the bracket).

5. What is 'daily maximum temperature' and what thermometer is used to measure the temperature? [2m]

It is the highest temperature reading for a day. It is measured by a maximum thermometer.

6. Describe how the maximum thermometer works. [4m]

It is a glass tube containing mercury and a metal index floating on top. As temperature rises, the mercury expands, pushing the metal index up. When temperature falls and the mercury contracts, the metal index remains in its position. This tells us the highest temperature of the day.

7. Describe how to daily minimum temperature is measured? [4m]

It is measured by a minimum thermometer, which uses alcohol instead of mercury. When temperature falls, the alcohol contracts and drags the metal index down. The metal index remains where it is even if the temperature rises later. This tells us the lowest temperature of the day.

8. What is used to reset the maximum and minimum thermometers? [1m]

A magnet is used to reset the maximum and minimum thermometers by moving the metal indexes back to their original positions.

9. Name the thermometer that can read both the maximum and minimum temperatures. [1m]

U-shaped thermometer/Maximum and minimum thermometer. (you must write both answers down)

(B) Where are thermometers placed?

1. Why thermometers are placed in the Stevenson screen? [4m]

As thermometers are sensitive to temperature changes, they must be placed where air can circulate freely. For these reasons, thermometers are usually placed in a Stevenson Screen.

2. Describe the Stevenson screen. [6m]

It is a white wooden box with louvers(horizontal narrow strips of wood or glass) to shelter the thermometer and other instruments from the direct heart of the sun to allow air circulation. The Stevenson Screen is always set about one metre above the ground so that the thermometers are not affected by heat radiating from the ground.

(C) Calculating Temperature

1. (a) What is the daily temperature range? [2m]

It is the difference between the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature recorded in a day.

(b) How is the daily temperature range calculated? [1m]

If the maximum temperature of Singapore is 34(insert degrees celsius here), and the minimum temperature is 25(insert degrees 0celsius here), the daily temperature range is counted as 9(insert degrees celsius here).

2. Why in some places the daily temperature range is small and others large? [2m]

Temperature range varies from places to places. In places such as Singapore, the temperature does not change much during the day. Therefore, the daily temperature range is very small.

3. (a) What is mean daily temperature? [1m]

The mean daily temperature is the average temperature of a place on any day.

(b) How is the mean daily temperature calculated? [2m]

The mean daily temperature= (Daily maximum temperature + daily minimum temperature
-----------------------------------------------------
2)

(c) If the maximum temperature of Singapore is 34(degrees celsius) and the minimum temperature is 25(degrees celsius), what is the mean daily temperature?

34(insert degrees celsius here) + 25(insert degrees celsius here)=59(insert degrees celsius here)
59(insert degrees celsius here) (/ --divide symbol) 2= 29.5(insert degrees celsius here)
The mean daily temperature is 29.5(insert degrees celsius here).

(d) If the maximum temperature of Singapore is 34(insert degrees celsius here) and the minimum temperature is 25(insert degrees celsius here), what is the mean daily temperature? [2m]

By knowing the mean daily temperature of different places, we can compare the temperatures on any given day.

(e) What is the difference between mean daily temperature and daily temperature range? [2m]

The mean daily temperature is the average temperature of a place on any one day. The daily temperature range is the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature readings recorded in a day.

4. How do you calculate the following:

(a) The mean monthly temperature: [2m]

The mean monthly temperature is the average temperatures of a place in a month. It is calculated using the mean monthly temperatures in a month.

(*note: copy this in the blank space next to the question:
mean monthly temperature= (sum of mean daily temperature for a month
-----------------------------------------
no. of days in the month) )



(b) Mean annual temperature: [2m]

The mean annual temperature is the average temperature in a place within a year. It is calculated using the mean monthly temperature in the year.

(*note: copy this in the blank space next to the question:
mean annual temperature= (sum of mean monthly temperatures in a year
------------------------------------------
12)

(c) Annual temperature range: [2m]

The annual temperature range refers to the difference between the maximum and minimum mean monthly temperatures recorded in a year.

(*note: copy this in the blank space next to the question:
annual temperature range= (maximum mean monthly temperature -(minus symbol) mean monthly temperature)

Summary

1. The highest temperature reading for a day is known as the daily maximum temperature.

2. The lowest temperature reading for a day is known as the daily minimum temperature.

3. Daily temperature range is the difference between the daily maximum temperature and the daily minimum temperature recorded in a day.

4. The mean daily temperature is the average temperature of a place on a particular day.

5. The mean monthly temperature is the average temperature of a place in the month.

6. The mean annual temperature is the average temperature of a place in a particular month.

7. The annual temperature range is the difference between the maximum and the minimum mean monthly temperature, recorded in a year.

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now, i will tell you what to study for/what might come out in Geography FAST besides these questions.
Geography FAST3:

1) Difference between weather and climate.

2) Weather elements:
->Rainfall----_________(answer)
->Temperature---_________(answer)

3) Calculations:
i) Average monthly rainfall
ii) Average annual temperature
iii) Mean daily temperature

4) Type of Climate:
->Tropical: State the temperature and Characteristics(of temperature and rainfall)

5) Stevenson Screen:
->Instruments
->Why it is placed in this box
->Why it is raised from the ground

6) Wind Vane:
->What does it measure?


Study from the answers of the notes on top and your textbook in case she might test other questions.

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ANNOUNCEMENTS:
-please bring your english vocabulary book tomorrow.
-there is science fair from 2.15pm-3pm for group1(the six members) and science fair for group2 from 3pm-4.35pm tomorrow. it is COMPULSORY to attend as Mr Teo will be marking attendance.

Thanks! (: May God Bless You for the Geography FAST3(:

Have a nice day! ;D

(p.s. no one is to edit any information in this post by me as it is very important!)

With love
Sheryl